How to reduce your risk of getting cancer
Almost everyone knows someone who has been diagnosed with or died from cancer. There are many risk factors for cancer, some are modifiable (like diet and tobacco use) and others are not (like genetics). There is not one identifiable cause of cancer – instead it is a multi-factorial process. There are a few recognizable risk factors and potential causes. These include genetics and family history, obesity and dietary habits, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors. While many people are worried about their own family history of cancer, look at these numbers that show what causes cancer: 35% from diet, physical inactivity and obesity, 30% from cigarette smoking, 25% from exposure to environmental and occupational pollutants, and only 5-10% from genetic factors. So if we change our diet and start to exercise, and if we stop smoking, we can significantly reduce our individual risk of developing cancer. Let’s start with some things every one should do to prevent cancer.
Don’t smoke! Smoking is responsible for 30% of all cancer deaths. It is linked to the development of lung cancer and also mouth, nose, throat, stomach, liver, intestines, bladder and cervix. Tobacco smoke is directly carcinogenic and it is also an irritant and inflammatory, initiating a cascade response that leads to cancer.
Obtain and maintain a healthy weight! Obesity is associated with 14-20% of cancer deaths. Being overweight decreases the body’s ability to respond appropriately to stress, infection and inflammation; which creates an environment in which cancer is more likely to develop. Being overweight is directly linked to breast, colon, uterus, colon and throat cancer, and indirectly linked to many others.
Be physically active! In addition to helping to maintain a healthy weight, being active reduces inflammation, stimulates the immune system and improves mood and self-esteem. The American Cancer Society recommends at least thirty minutes of moderate vigorous activity at least five days a week.
Improve your diet! Eat more vegetables and fruits, especially colorful ones, for their varied nutrients and antioxidants. The American Cancer Society recommends eating five servings every day. Eat less added sugar, preservatives, artificial colors, soft drinks, refined carbohydrates, transaturated fats and smoked and processed meats. While you are improving your diet, consider taking a high quality multivitamin to supplement your nutrient intake.
Limit alcohol! Though moderate alcohol intake is associated with improved heart health, alcohol is linked to certain types of cancers including mouth, throat, liver and breast. Work with your health care provider to determine the appropriate amount of alcohol for you.
Maintain optimal health! More and more cancers are being caused by infections, maybe 15% worldwide. Human papillomavirus is linked with cervical cancer, and hepatitis B and C with liver cancer, and new associations are found every year. Maintaining optimal health will make the body less susceptible to infection and more likely to quickly fight one off. Incorporate all of the above diet and lifestyle tips with stress reduction techniques to stay healthy.
Reduce sun exposure! Over one million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed each year, and while most are treatable, there are over 8,000 deaths each year from melanoma (the most aggressive form of skin cancer). Intense sun exposure, blistering burns and tanning beds are more dangerous, but everyone should take precautions to limit their exposure to sun. The best way to do this is to avoid being in the sun in the middle of the day and to wear protective clothing.
Get regular screening check-ups and exams! Catching a cancer early is not technically preventing it from developing, but it is preventing it from growing and spreading. Talk to your doctor about what exams you need.
Consider specific supplements. There are many dietary supplements that can reduce risk of cancer. Because the quality of supplements and individual requirements vary greatly it is best to consult with a health care provider.
References: Alternative Medicine Magazine’s Definitive Guide to Cancer, Second Edition by Alschuler and Gazella, American Cancer Society, UpToDate, and How to Prevent and Treat Cancer with Natural Medicine by Murray, Birdsall, Pizzorno and Reilly.